##Booting and Shutting down
一：正文
Like most things UNIX,system startup and shutdown have matured into carefully engineered processes that accommodate many possible contingencies. As administrators, we negotiate the intricacies of the boot process to prevent and trouble-shoot problems. An effective sysadmin understands the fundamentals first.
Bootstrapping has always been somewhat mysterious, but it was simpler in the days when manufacturers controlled every aspect of the system’s hardware and software .Now that we have Linux and Solaris running on PC hardware, the boot procedure has to play by PC rules and deal with many potential configurations. Although we discuss the boot procedure for all our example systems in this chapter, you’ll see that we have quite a bit more to say about the PC-based versions of UNIX than about the “captive” systems.
This chapter appears early in the book, but it refers to material that is not discussed in detail until many hundreds of pages later. In particular, familiarity with the material in Chapter 6, The Filesystem, and Chapter 13,Drivers and the Kernel, will prove helpful.
二：單詞
*：matured /mə’tʃʊəd/ 成熟的
*：engineered 設計的
*：accommodate /ə’kɒmədeɪt/ 適應
*：contingencies /kən’tɪndʒənsi/ 意外事件
*：negotiate /nɪ’gəʊʃɪeɪt/ 談判
*：intricacies /'intrikəsiz/ 錯綜複雜的事物
*：prevent /prɪ’vent/ 阻止
*：effective /ɪ’fektɪv/ 起作用的
*：fundamentals /,fʌndə’mentlz/ 原理
*：bootstrapping /'bu:tstræpiŋ/ 引導指令
*：mysterious /mɪ’stɪərɪəs/ 難解的
*：simpler /'sɪmplə/ 更簡單的
*：manufacturers /,mænju’fæktʃərəz/ 廠商
*：controlled /kən’trəʊld/ 控制
*：aspect /'æspekt/ 方面
*：procedure /prə’siːdʒə/ 步驟
*：deal 處理
*：potential /pəˈtenʃl/ 可能的
*：detail /'diːteɪl/ 詳細
*：particular /pəˈtɪkjʊlə®/ 個別專案
*：familiarity /fəmɪlɪ’ærɪtɪ/ 精通
三：全文
和大多數事物一樣，UNIX系統的啟動和關機已經發展的很成熟，啟動和關機過程可以仔細配置，以適應很多可能的情形。作為系統管理員，我們要處理好錯綜複雜的引導過程，做到能夠防止和排查問題。高效的系統管理員首先要掌握著方面的基礎知識。
儘管系統的引導過程一直帶有點神祕色彩，不過，一旦製造商能夠控制系統軟硬體方面，這個過程就簡單起來了。既然我們讓Linux和Solaris在PC硬體上執行，那麼引導過程就要按照PC的規則來執行，並且要能應付大量可能的不同配置。雖然在這一章裡，我們對幾種示例系統的引導過程都會討論，但讀者會看到，我們對基於PC的UNIX版本講的多一些，而對受限的系統講的少一些。